Safe speeds
Collision data from around the world is very clear. It shows that the faster a vehicle is travelling:
- The more likely a collision will occur because the driver has less time to react, stop or avoid the collision
- The more severe an injury resulting from the collision will be
This is why we're continuing to lower speed limits across London.
Changes to speed limits
We're introducing safer speed limits because if you hit someone at 30mph they're five times more likely to die than if you hit them at 20mph.
The work is part of the Mayor's Vision Zero policy which aims to see no one killed or seriously injured on our roads by 2041.
Safer speeds make London safer for people to live, work and commute, encouraging more Londoners out of their cars to walk, cycle and use public transport. More people using healthier and more sustainable forms of travel is vital to reducing congestion and air pollution.
Progress and Plans
The Vision Zero Action Plan sets ambitious targets for operating safer speed limits in London:
- Phase 1: Introduce a 20mph speed limit in central London - completed in March 2020
- Phase 2: Lower the speed limit by 10mph on 140km of TfL's roads by May 2024 - completed in December 2023
Currently 264km of TfL's roads are subject to a 20mph speed limit.
We're currently working on several projects which will include reducing the speed limit by 10mph. These include:
- A1 Falloden Way, Barnet (proposed 30mph)
- A1205 Burdett Road, Tower Hamlets (proposed 20mph)
- A2213 Kidbrooke Park Road, Greenwich (proposed 20mph)
- A4 Hogarth Roundabout, Hounslow (proposed 30mph)
- A232 and A21 approaches to The Fantail junction, Bromley (proposed 30mph)
Supporting the changes
Lamp column mounted banners will be installed across corridors to help raise driver awareness of any new 20mph speed limits.
We are also supporting these changes with radio and digital advertising.
See the London digital speed limit map on the Road safety data page.
We will closely monitor changes we make to our roads. This may include looking at possible effects on nearby roads as needed. You can see more of our work and research into reducing road danger on the Road safety data page.
The Metropolitan Police enforces speed limits across most of London's roads. We work with the police to increase their capacity to take enforcement action against drivers and riders who speed.
The MPS is currently on target to be able to take action on a million speeding offences by 2024. In 2023/24, they enforced 790,513 speeding offences. Find more data on roads policing and enforcement activity in London in the Vision Zero Enforcement Dashboard.
Learning from collision data
Early indications show a significant reduction in the number of collisions since the 20mph speed limit was introduced on roads within the central London Congestion Charging Zone in 2020.
Data collected from 1 May 2020 to 30 June 2022, when compared to a similar seasonally-matched period before lower speed limits were implemented, shows the number of collisions fell 25% (from 405 to 304), and collisions resulting in death or serious injury fell 24% (from 94 to 71).
The reduction in collisions resulting in death or serious injury on roads within the central London Congestion Charging Zone should be seen in the context of a London-wide reduction in collisions resulting in death or serious injury of around 10% over the same period. This demonstrates that reducing speeds leads to greater benefits than on roads where speeds have not been reduced.
Collision data for the whole of London is provided in csv extracts on our website every year. See the Road safety data page.
A detailed report will be commissioned for all results as of 2024.
More information about how we're putting new 20mph speed limits on TfL roads, and working with boroughs to put the same on their roads, is in the Safety sustainability and human resource panel report from 13 September 2023 (PDF 1.01MB).
Our calculations
To provide a comparable baseline, the pre- and post-implementation time periods used for the casualty statistics were seasonal matched. This means that like-for-like months were compared before and after the implementation to account for changes to collision rates across the year.
- Baseline: 26 months before implementation covered 1 May 2017 to 30 June 2017 and 1 December 2017 to 30 November 2019
- Post-implementation period: 1 May 2020 to 30 June 2022
Designing for lower speeds
There are many different ways to encourage people to drive at lower speeds, but evidence shows that self-enforcing speed limits are the most successful way to reduce speeds.
A self-enforcing speed limit means that people are more likely to drive within the signed speed limit because they feel it's the easiest and safest speed to drive along that road. This is generally because of the way the road looks and has been designed.
Some of the design and engineering measures used to lower speeds are:
- Signs
- Road markings
- Speed cushions
- Raising pedestrian crossings
- Widening footways for people walking
- Giving more space to people cycling
- Reallocating traffic lanes to buses
- Removing the white line in the centre of a road
- Changing the surface of the road
- Creating curves along the road that requires vehicles travelling in different directions have to slow down or give way
- Introducing more traffic islands in the centre of the road
- Placing trees, planters and parklets along the roadside or in the centre of the road
There's no 'one size fits all' approach to reducing vehicle speeds. We use different measures depending on the type of road, who uses the road and the road space available.
We've published a toolkit outlining the various speed reduction measures that can be used when designing streets in London.
Our toolkit can be used by anyone seeking to make our streets safer, healthier and more attractive for walking and cycling. However, it will be particularly relevant for local authorities responsible for implementing speed reduction programmes.
We'll continue to monitor the effectiveness of these measures in lowering speeds, so we can determine if more design changes are needed.
Effect on traffic and pollution
Imperial University's evaluation of 20mph zones in London shows they have no net negative impact on exhaust emissions.
It also shows that in 20mph zones vehicles move more smoothly, with fewer accelerations and decelerations, than in 30mph zones. This smoother driving style actually reduces particulate emissions from tyre and brake wear.
We closely monitor changes we make to our roads. This may include looking at possible effects on nearby roads as needed. You can see more of our work and research to into reducing road danger on the Road danger reduction page in Publications & reports.